Dobrý den,
myslím, že název topicu mluví za vše. Opakoval jsem si slovní zásobu ohledně tohoto sportu a narazil na pár výrazů, které nemohu přeložit a svou odpověď jsem ani na internetu nenašel. Doufám, že byste mi s tím mohli pomoct.. 

1)posoudit – zákrok, gól
2)udělit trest
3)vypadnout – z šampionátu
4)postoupit
5)vyřadit – nějaký tým
6)obhájit – vítězství

Vím, že pro tyto slova by byl nejeden překlad, ale jde mi hlavně o jejich překlad v souvislosti s hokejem, jak by se to doopravdy řeklo.

Děkuji

Hmmm, I'll give it a try – I welcome any corrections from people more sporty than me 

1) posoudit – not sure about this in relation to sport…to referee?
2) udelit trest – to penalize, to give someone a penalty
3) vypadnout – to be eliminated from the championship. The Slovaks were eliminated from the championships.
4) postoupit – to move on, to move on to the next round
5) vyradit – to eliminate or knock out – The Czechs knocked the Slovaks out of the championship.
6) obhajit – to defend – Team X is defending their championship. Team X is defending their gold medal from 2010.

I find it very scary that there are words that I have difficulty remembering in English, but I understand it perfectly fine in Czech. I've been living here too long 

1. I'd simply say ‚judge‘
   2. as above
   3. same
   4. as above or ‚to advance‘
   5. as above
   6. as above or ‚retain‘

Thanks a lot.

Thanks, too Advance is probably better for sure.

„Obhajeni“ doesn't mean that they've actually retained the title, does it? THere has to be a game first to see who wins…and the winner from last year is defending their title? Or am I reading it wrong?

Američanka: You're right.

I don't want to bother to much but some other expressions just crossed my mind so it'd be nice of you to help me once more 

I wonder how to translate these words:
1) vést/prohrávat – V zápase proti USA vedeme/prohráváme 2:0. (please don't take it bad:))
2) dostat gól – get a goal? This is likely to be wrong but I can't think of any better translation.
3) hrát o medaili – I have no idea how this expression should be translated…

Thank you

a " dostat výprask a jet domů" ?:)

3. play for a medal – by to mohlo být dle google translator, ale kontrolně to lze najít na internetu v různých větách, takže bych tomu věřila

vést/prohrávat o x goalů – lead/lose by x goals
dostat goal – concede a goal
dát goal – score a goal

I'm a big football fan, but the expressions are the same 

Je možné použít výraz DROP OUT of competition – vypadnout ze soutěže? Děkuji za názor.

Idiomaticky titulek z nhl.com:
Jagr's trick pushes Czechs past U.S., into semifinals

vést/prohrávat o x goalů – agree with Johnnie

dostat gol – score/score a goal
hrat o medaili – play for a medal – play the silver medal game, play for the gold medal.

I would highly recommend reading the articles on www.iihf.com – they use lots and lots and LOTS of all the interesting expressions for all the things you're looking for – it's quite a treasure trove of sports writing. 

To SCORE (a goal) is not DOSTAT gól but VSTŘELIT/DÁT gól. DOSTAT gól is indeed ‚to CONCEDE‘.

I believe you, but it just seems weird. Who „dostats“ the goal – the team who scored or the other team?